Transmission Barriers - Revision history

Bosmana: /* What is already known= */

2020-09-27T20:59:38Z

‎What is already known=

Bosmana: /* Face masks */

2020-04-03T14:28:14Z

‎Face masks

Bosmana: /* Hand Hygiene */

2020-04-03T14:01:32Z

‎Hand Hygiene

Bosmana: /* Face masks */

2020-04-03T13:53:39Z

‎Face masks

Bosmana at 10:22, 29 March 2020

2020-03-29T10:22:12Z

Arnold at 20:05, 23 March 2020

2020-03-23T20:05:54Z

Bosmana: Created page with "This page collects observations, interpretations, and consequences action about the epidemiology of SARS-CoV2 in general. Please observe the structure of the page, when you ad..."

2020-03-16T08:35:25Z

Created page with "This page collects observations, interpretations, and consequences action about the epidemiology of SARS-CoV2 in general. Please observe the structure of the page, when you ad..."

New page

This page collects observations, interpretations, and consequences action about the epidemiology of SARS-CoV2 in general. Please observe the structure of the page, when you add your content. Please use references where possible. Remember to find the relevant page. For example, if your observation is about [[transmission routes]], please use that page, instead of posting your content here.

=Topic 1=

==Obeservations==

==Analysis and interpretation==

==Consequences for action==

=References=

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 * [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29140516/ Meta-analysis of studies]: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) indicated a protective effect of masks and respirators against clinical respiratory illness (CRI) (risk ratio [RR] = 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.46-0.77) and influenza-like illness (ILI) (RR = 0.34; 95% CI:0.14-0.82)
 * Standard surgical masks are as effective as respirator masks (e.g. N95, FFP2, FFP3) for preventing infection of healthcare workers in outbreaks of viral respiratory illnesses such as influenza. No head to head trial of these masks in COVID-19 has yet been published, and neither type of mask prevents all infection. Both types of mask need to be used in combination with other PPE measures.  Respirator masks are recommended for protection during aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs). Rapid reviews on wider PPE measures, and what counts as an AGP, are ongoing. <ref name="CEBM-masks">What is the efficacy of standard face masks compared to respirator masks in preventing COVID-type respiratory illnesses in primary care staff?[https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/what-is-the-efficacy-of-standard-face-masks-compared-to-respirator-masks-in-preventing-covid-type-respiratory-illnesses-in-primary-care-staff/ The Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. COVID-19 Evidence. March 24, 2020]</ref>
 ==Observations==
 ==Analysis and interpretation==

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 =Face masks=
 ==What is already known===
-* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3591312/ Small, short-term study]: Surgical masks worn by patients reduce aerosols shedding of virus. The abundance of viral copies in fine particle aerosols and evidence for their infectiousness suggests an important role in seasonal influenza transmission.
+* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3591312/ Small, short-term study]: Surgical masks worn by patients reduce aerosols shedding of the virus. The abundance of viral copies in fine particle aerosols and evidence for their infectiousness suggests an important role in seasonal influenza transmission.
 * [http://Http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30229968/ Larger study]: A 50% compliance in donning the device resulted in a significant (at least 50% prevalence and 20% cumulative incidence) reduction in risk for fitted and unfitted N95 respirators, high-filtration surgical masks, and both low-filtration and high-filtration pediatric masks.
 * [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29140516/ Meta-analysis of studies]: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) indicated a protective effect of masks and respirators against clinical respiratory illness (CRI) (risk ratio [RR] = 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.46-0.77) and influenza-like illness (ILI) (RR = 0.34; 95% CI:0.14-0.82)
+* Standard surgical masks are as effective as respirator masks (e.g. N95, FFP2, FFP3) for preventing infection of healthcare workers in outbreaks of viral respiratory illnesses such as influenza. No head to head trial of these masks in COVID-19 has yet been published, and neither type of mask prevents all infection. Both types of mask need to be used in combination with other PPE measures.  Respirator masks are recommended for protection during aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs). Rapid reviews on wider PPE measures, and what counts as an AGP, are ongoing. <ref name="CEBM-masks">What is the efficacy of standard face masks compared to respirator masks in preventing COVID-type respiratory illnesses in primary care staff?[https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/what-is-the-efficacy-of-standard-face-masks-compared-to-respirator-masks-in-preventing-covid-type-respiratory-illnesses-in-primary-care-staff/ The Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. COVID-19 Evidence. March 24, 2020]</ref>
 ==Observations==
 ==Analysis and interpretation==

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 =Hand Hygiene=
 * Coronavirus can be efficiently inactivated by surface disinfection procedures with 62-71% ethanol, 0.5% hydrogen peroxide or 0.1% sodium hypochlorite within 1 minute. <Ref>Kampf, G., Todt, D., Pfaender, S., & Steinmann, E. (2020). Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and its inactivation with biocidal agents. Journal of Hospital Infection.</ref>. This is good news for the Alcohol Handrug Formula that WHO prescribes. <Ref>Guide to Local Production: [https://www.who.int/gpsc/5may/Guide_to_Local_Production.pdf WHO-recommended Handrub Formulations]. </ref>
 =References=

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 =Face masks=
-Evidence
+==What is already known===
 * [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3591312/ Small, short-term study]: Surgical masks worn by patients reduce aerosols shedding of virus. The abundance of viral copies in fine particle aerosols and evidence for their infectiousness suggests an important role in seasonal influenza transmission.
@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 * [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29140516/ Meta-analysis of studies]: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) indicated a protective effect of masks and respirators against clinical respiratory illness (CRI) (risk ratio [RR] = 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.46-0.77) and influenza-like illness (ILI) (RR = 0.34; 95% CI:0.14-0.82)
-==Obeservations==
+==Observations==
 ==Analysis and interpretation==
 ==Consequences for action==
 =Hand Hygiene=

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 This page collects observations, interpretations, and consequences action about the epidemiology of SARS-CoV2 in general. Please observe the structure of the page, when you add your content. Please use references where possible. Remember to find the relevant page. For example, if your observation is about [[transmission routes]], please use that page, instead of posting your content here.
-=Topic 1=
+=Face masks=
 ==Obeservations==