Reservoirs - Revision history

Bosmana at 20:03, 26 April 2020

2020-04-26T20:03:24Z

2020-04-07T10:52:52Z

‎Consequences for action

2020-04-07T10:51:06Z

‎Consequences for action

2020-04-07T10:50:52Z

‎Bats

2020-04-07T10:50:35Z

‎Consequences for action

2020-04-07T10:50:16Z

‎Consequences for action

2020-04-07T10:49:27Z

‎Consequences for action

2020-04-07T10:49:16Z

‎Consequences for action

2020-04-07T10:49:06Z

‎Malayan pangolins

2020-04-07T10:47:26Z

‎Tigers

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 * See under Bats: protect habitats and ban all trade and consumption of tigers or tiger-derived products such as for traditional Chinese medicine.
 * See under pets: normal hygienic precautions
 ==Pets==

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 * There is no reasons to fear cats nor tigers as important sources of infection for humans, human-to-human transmission remains the most important source to contract an infection.  However, normal hygienic precaution must be taken in contact with all Felidae (cats and cat-alikes) avoiding close contact<ref>https://www.oie.int/en/scientific-expertise/specific-information-and-recommendations/questions-and-answers-on-2019novel-coronavirus/</ref>.
 ===Consequences for action===
 * See under pets: normal hygienic precautions

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 * The recent action in China making eating wild animals illegal<ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/05/asia/china-coronavirus-wildlife-consumption-ban-intl-hnk/index.html</ref>, the banning in the Chinese city of Shenzen of eating cats and dogs<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-52131940</ref>,  and the banning of eating pangolin and bats in Ghana in Africa <ref>https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/world/gabon-bans-eating-of-pangolin-and-bats-amid-pandemic/5lxnj3m</ref> is a start but must be followed by a wider adoption and enforcement of stopping wild life trade and wet markets, which will require appropriate level of penalties to be effective.
 * Also disruption of ecosystems must be stopped as a general preventive measure, and be included in national policies that must more vigorously control existing and new companies involved in land use and deforestation.
-* Protect the pangolins and their habitats.
+* Protect the bats and their habitats.
 * Ban all trade and consumption of bats.

@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 * The recent action in China making eating wild animals illegal<ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/05/asia/china-coronavirus-wildlife-consumption-ban-intl-hnk/index.html</ref>, the banning in the Chinese city of Shenzen of eating cats and dogs<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-52131940</ref>,  and the banning of eating pangolin and bats in Ghana in Africa <ref>https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/world/gabon-bans-eating-of-pangolin-and-bats-amid-pandemic/5lxnj3m</ref> is a start but must be followed by a wider adoption and enforcement of stopping wild life trade and wet markets, which will require appropriate level of penalties to be effective.
 * Also disruption of ecosystems must be stopped as a general preventive measure, and be included in national policies that must more vigorously control existing and new companies involved in land use and deforestation.
 * Ban all trade and consumption of bats.

@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 * The recent action in China making eating wild animals illegal<ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/05/asia/china-coronavirus-wildlife-consumption-ban-intl-hnk/index.html</ref>, the banning in the Chinese city of Shenzen of eating cats and dogs<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-52131940</ref>,  and the banning of eating pangolin and bats in Ghana in Africa <ref>https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/world/gabon-bans-eating-of-pangolin-and-bats-amid-pandemic/5lxnj3m</ref> is a start but must be followed by a wider adoption and enforcement of stopping wild life trade and wet markets, which will require appropriate level of penalties to be effective.
 * Also disruption of ecosystems must be stopped as a general preventive measure, and be included in national policies that must more vigorously control existing and new companies involved in land use and deforestation.
 ==Malayan pangolins==

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 *In Malayan pangolins ( Manis javanica ) that were illegally imported into Guangdong province a coronavirus (CoV) has been found that was similar to SARS-CoV-2. However, no pangolin CoV has yet been identified that is sufficiently similar to SARS-CoV-2 across its entire genome to support direct human infection. The study suggested that another intermediate animal host is involved. As for the bats, it is not clear yet if pangolins are the primary reservoir and if they infected other animals more in contact with humans that caused the virus to so efficiently enter humans as a new host species<ref>http://virological.org/t/the-proximal-origin-of-sars-cov-2/398</ref>. However, two sublineages of the SARS-CoV-2-related coronavirus were identified in Malayan pangolins seized in anti-smuggling operations in southern China, of which one showed 97,4% homology with the human receptor-binding domain (RBD). The RBD protein is used by the virus to attach to host cell proteins such as to the human ACE2 protein present in lung epithelial tissue. <ref>https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2169-0_reference.pdf</ref>. This supports the hypothesis that humans present on the wet market in Wuhan contracted the virus from live pangolins illegally traded there.
 ===Consequences for action===
 * Protect the pangolins and their habitats.
 * Ban all trade and consumption of pangolins.

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 ===Analysis and interpretation===
 *In Malayan pangolins ( Manis javanica ) that were illegally imported into Guangdong province a coronavirus (CoV) has been found that was similar to SARS-CoV-2. However, no pangolin CoV has yet been identified that is sufficiently similar to SARS-CoV-2 across its entire genome to support direct human infection. The study suggested that another intermediate animal host is involved. As for the bats, it is not clear yet if pangolins are the primary reservoir and if they infected other animals more in contact with humans that caused the virus to so efficiently enter humans as a new host species<ref>http://virological.org/t/the-proximal-origin-of-sars-cov-2/398</ref>. However, two sublineages of the SARS-CoV-2-related coronavirus were identified in Malayan pangolins seized in anti-smuggling operations in southern China, of which one showed 97,4% homology with the human receptor-binding domain (RBD). The RBD protein is used by the virus to attach to host cell proteins such as to the human ACE2 protein present in lung epithelial tissue. <ref>https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2169-0_reference.pdf</ref>. This supports the hypothesis that humans present on the wet market in Wuhan contracted the virus from live pangolins illegally traded there.
 ==Tigers==